Thereafter, the chapter covers the protocol architecture applicable over these interfaces. This creates a necessity of functional, integration, and mass testing of the lte core. The state oftheart lte protocol design is the result of a careful crosslayer approach where the protocols interact with each other efficiently. This article provides a thorough overview of this protocol stack, including the sublayers and corresponding interactions in between them, in a manner that is more intuitive than in the respective. Third party epc can also be interfaced within the enb to build a private lte network. The picture shows main network elements, interfaces and the protocols used in lte.
Lte mobile broadband networks might look like an obvious job for a wireless network engineer. The epc consists of the mobility management entity mme1, serving gateway sgw2, packet data network gateway pgw3, and policy and charging rules function pcrf4. And in fact, wireless knowledge is essential when optimizing the service itself. Describe and be able to plan and design an lteltea packet core and radio network. The course addresses the implementation options offered by the increasingly ip centric core network and discusses the challenges facing the core network engineers.
Polaris networks offers a family of lte network equipment emulators as a lowcost alternative to lte equipment manufacturers to replace real devices enodeb, mme, sgw, pdngw during product development and system quality assurance phases. In lte architecture, core network includes mobility management entity mme, serving gateway sgw, packet data network gateway pdn gw where as eutran has eutran nodeb enb. On the user plane, packets in the core network epc are encapsulated in a specific epc protocol and tunneled between the pgw and the enodeb. The long term evolution standard lte is a wireless communications, highspeed data standard for mobile phones and data terminals. Different tunneling protocols are used depending on. For network administrators, support professionals, and system designers, intimate knowledge of the network protocols that are the foundation of the internet is crucial. Lte provides a packet switched model at the sap, but retains a circuit switched model at the phy. Sae is the evolution of the gprs core network, with some differences. These are the backbone network protocols used for routing user data and control signalling. The ran of an lte network is comprised of the mobile terminals, known as user equipment. Introduction to mobile core network linkedin slideshare. The lg g600k g6 td lte supports 4 gsm bands, 2 umts bands, and 6 lte bands. This course is focused on lte, and is designed to help network professionals improve their skills and understanding of the architecture fundamentals of lte and the required interworking to cdma or umts technologies. Lte eutran and its access side protocols radisys white paper 3 radio protocol architecture access stratum logically, lte network protocols can be divided into control plane responsible for managing.
See the tables below for details run a crossreference compatibility check of this device on a specific network and country. An overview of telecom wireless protocol stack layers nutaq. The highlevel network architecture of lte is comprised of following three main components. Traffic offloaders typically will be deployed as bumpinthewire boxes between the. Rans supported by 5g architecture are gsm, gprsedge, umts, lte, lte advanced, wimax, wifi, cdma2000, evdo, cdma one, is95 etc. Lte transport network layer is built on ip transport, similar to the user plane but for the reliable transport of signaling messages sctp is added on top of the internet protocol. Diagnosing channel issues using gtp protocol messages in. Lte user plane protocol stacks ue p gw user plane with eutran gprs tunnelling protocol for the user plane gtp u.
Figure 2 shows the user plane protocol stacks for the lte network. Our zeroepc solutions for smaller and closed networks. Lte architecture article about lte architecture by the free. Within an lte network, lte interfaces connect the various components to or within the core interfaces allow the mme, sgw and pgw to cooperate with other network elements e. Our lte epc cores are highly scalable, high performance and resilient to. Modern telecommunication standards like gsm and lte are some of the most complex engineering works in the world. Jul 04, 2016 irat ho srvcc, csfb, cco, and rwr, measgap, x2ho, harq, tti bundling, drx, qos, carrier aggregation, icic, eicic. Lte bandwidths, bit rates and ue categories eps network architecture 0 e utra and evolved packet core network architecture 0 nodes. The radio protocol architecture for lte can be separated into control plane architecture and user plane architecture as shown below at user plane side, the application creates data packets that are processed by protocols such as tcp, udp and ip, while in the control plane, the radio resource control rrc protocol writes the signalling messages that are exchanged between the base station and. Protocol signaling procedures in lte radisys white paper 3 classify traffic streams using dpi and then, based on the operators policies, offload part of the traffic directly onto the internet while sending the remaining traffic to the core network. They are very intricate and depend on a multitude of protocols. Unlike 3g, however, 4g uses ip even for voice data.
Lte architecture the infrastructure of an lte cellular network comprises the eutraeutran air interface and the evolved packet core epc, which includes the gateways, mobility management and subscriber databases. Evolved packet core epc, which was specified at the same time as lte 3gpp release 8, as the core network to accommodate lte and other radio access systems 1. This article provides a thorough overview of this protocol. The evolution of umts towards hspa advanced and lte is described in terms of overall system architectures, protocols and operational features. The evolved umts terrestrial radio access network eutran. Reference point for the control plane protocol between eutran. A simple way to understand telecom protocol stacks is to divide them in three different layers.
Lte systems can use either snow 3g or aes128 encryption. Moreover, it describes the lte network architecture. Protocol signaling procedures in lte radisys white paper 3 classify traffic streams using dpi and then, based on the operators policies, offload part of the traffic directly onto the internet while sending the. Modern cellular networks including lte long term evolution and the evolving lte advanced provide highspeed and highcapacity data services for mobile users. At user plane side, the application creates data packets that are processed by protocols such as tcp, udp and ip, while in the control plane, the radio resource. See the tables below for details run a crossreference compatibility check of this device on a specific network and country using the following links. This protocol tunnels user data between enodeb and the s gw as well as between the s gw and the p gw in the backbone network. The evolved packet core communicates with packet data networks in the outside world such as the internet, private corporate networks or. The core network software lte mme can easily be connected to it to build a highly configurable lte network inabox. To find 3gpp lte specification, click at the corresponding protocol in the images below. Illustration of 2g3glte mobile core network 1 this section provides an overview of gtp and mobile core networks for both 3g and lte networks.
In lte architecture, core network includes mobility management entity mme, serving gateway sgw, packet data network. Lte advanced architecture lte advanced protocol stack. Like 3g, 4g networks are ipbased internet protocol, meaning that it uses a standard communications protocol to send and receive data in packets. Third party epc can also be interfaced within the enb to build a private lte network due to the standard interfaces of the enb such as s1mme, s1u, x2ap which are fully compliant with 3gpp specifications. System architecture evolution sae is the core network architecture of 3gpps lte wireless communication standard.
The lte network called eps evolved packet system is an endtoend e2e all ip network. The figures shown below provide mapping of protocols to corresponding specifications. Umts network architecture and protocols mcgrawhill education. Lte interfaces allow mme, sgw and pgw to cooperate with other network. Lte eutran and its access side protocols radisys white paper 3 radio protocol architecture access stratum logically, lte network protocols can be divided into control plane responsible for managing the transport bearer and user plane responsible for transporting user traffic.
The radio protocol architecture for lte can be separated into control plane architecture and user plane architecture as shown below at user plane side, the application creates data packets that are. Sgsn controls the user plane tunnel establishment and establish a direct tunnel between utran and s gw as shown in fig. In functional testing, epc can send or receive any protocol messages of the supported interfaces. Lte security, protocol exploits and location tracking. An indepth study of the sae core entities and their functionality, the. The introduction indicates that this will be an exploration of network packets using wireshark, and that the focus will be on the core protocols present on most modern networks, and that the intended audience encompasses anyone from network novice on up. As shown 5g network uses flat ip concept so that different rans radio access networks can use the same single nanocore for. With increased data rates, improved spectrum efficiency and packetoptimized system, lte technology is set to drive machine to machine technology and data intensive. Full access to mobile multimedia at high speed is an offer very hard to resist for the common internet consumers.
Implementing cisco lte packet core networks duration. Each one of them is built in a standard way described by. Packet guide to core network protocols is a book that i wanted to like. Eps is divided into two parts lte part which deals with the technology related to a radio access network eutran and epc part which deals with the technology related to a core network. Besides these methodological contributions, we make the following insightful observations about lte network usage. The core network software lte mme can easily be connected to it to build a highly configurable lte networkinabox. This document presents the lte network architecture as the first technical document of lte area. Mobile networking concepts and protocols cnt 5517 dr. Aug 31, 2014 show full abstract paper, we focus on mobile core network nodes such as the mme, hss, s and p gateway as standardized for the lte evolved packet core epc. Through a mobile device, it is possible to hit both the subscriber and the linked corporate network, if any and the mobile core network, as well as to launch attacks on the internet. Illustration of 2g3g lte mobile core network 1 this section provides an overview of gtp and mobile core networks for both 3g and lte networks. Epc testing enables wraparound testing of the core network elements in lte and is used in functional and load testing of lte core network elements.
The main interfaces in lte are uu, s1mme, x2, s1u, s11 and s5. As shown 5g network uses flat ip concept so that different rans radio access networks can use the same single nanocore for communication. Epc node commissioning and integration network target. Its basis stands in the gsmedge and umtshspa network technologies, with changes in terms of an increased capacity and higher speed by simplifying the core network and using a different radio interface. Lte architecture the infrastructure of an lte cellular network comprises the eutraeutran air interface and the evolved packet core epc, which includes the gateways, mobility management and. Feb 11, 2015 lte long term evolution introduction 1. The air interface and packet core enable the lte mobile user to connect to external data networks such as the internet. The radio protocol architecture for lte can be separated into control plane architecture and user plane architecture as shown below. Show full abstract paper, we focus on mobile core network nodes such as the mme, hss, s and p gateway as standardized for the lte evolved packet core epc. The smooth operation of 4g services requires a scalable, properly working lte core network, among others.
Long term evolution protocol overview nxp semiconductors. Contents lte introduction lte protocol layer sae architecture non access stratumnas protocols epc protocol stacks 32 2 6 17 26 1 3. Next, the interfaces between the eps entities and the protocol stack across the. Irat ho srvcc, csfb, cco, and rwr, measgap, x2ho, harq, tti bundling, drx, qos, carrier aggregation, icic, eicic. Lte network architecture and protocols design, deployment and.
Apply to engineer, planning engineer, wireless engineer and more. Dec 31, 2010 the picture shows main network elements, interfaces and the protocols used in lte. Polaris networks offers a family of lte network equipment emulators as a lowcost alternative to lte equipment manufacturers to replace real devices enodeb. As we become more reliant on wireless connectivity, the security of voice and data transmissions on the network becomes increasingly important. Network and protocol architecture ltesae network architecture epc evolved packet core base station control plane and user plane protocol stacks epc protocol stacks. Interfaces and their protocol stacks lte and beyond tech.
The lg g600k g6 tdlte supports 4 gsm bands, 2 umts bands, and 6 lte bands. Protocols on the uu interface are described in ts 23. User plane protocols figure 2 shows the protocol stacks for. Lg g600k g6 tdlte frequency bands and network compatibility. While a full accounting of the security functions in lte is beyond the scope of this whitepaper, it is important to note that lte includes mutual authentication of the ue and the network. While a full accounting of the security functions in lte is. The evolution of mobile networks towards lte highly specializes and isolates the functionality of the ran.
We offer a complete range of epc and ip core infrastructure for small, medium and large scale networks. Contents lte introduction lte protocol layer sae architecture non access stratumnas protocols epc protocol. Lte interfaces and protocols telecommunications blog. Although 3g was the first technology to give real mobile access to the web, it wasnt until lte long term evolution or sometimes called 4g, that our lives became completely mobile. Lte introduction 14 long term evolution lte is the latest step in moving forward from the cellular 3g services to 4g. All the feature of lte where you will explore lte in yourself. Diagnosing channel issues using gtp protocol messages in lte. Our lte epc cores are highly scalable, high performance and resilient to ensure highest uptime and availability. Lte advanced protocol stackphy, mac, rlc, pdcp, rrc, nas. But underneath the antennas, the core network engineer is the one that ensures full connectivity in the entire mobile network although 3g was the first technology to give real mobile access to the web, it wasnt until. The ran of an lte network is comprised of the mobile terminals, known as user equipment ue, and enodebs, or lte base stations.
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